如果有些文件，比如是媒体文件，没有后缀名的话，在Windows下面是很难知道他是什么类型的，我们就可以通过文件头来确定文件格式。
这些头部编码可以用UltraEdit或是winhex来用二进制方式打开文件来查看
注意：请使用Ctrl + F查找您要找的格式或头字节即可！
文件头字节表
描述 |
扩展名 |
Magic Number(头字节) |
| Adobe Illustrator | .ai | 25 50 44 46 [%PDF] |
| Bitmap graphic | .bmp | 42 4D [BM] |
| JPEG graphic file | .jpg | FF D8 |
| JPEG 2000 graphic file | .jp2 | 0000000C6A5020200D0A [....jP..] |
| GIF graphic file | .gif | 47 49 46 38 [GIF89] |
| TIF graphic file | .tif | 49 49 [II] |
| PNG graphic file | .png | 89 50 4E 47 .PNG |
| Photoshop Graphics | .psd | 38 42 50 53 [8BPS] |
| Icon file | .ico | 00 00 01 00 |
| WAV audio file | .wav | 52 49 46 46 RIFF |
| ELF Linux EXE | .elf | 7F 45 4C 46 .ELF |
| Windows Meta File | .wmf | D7 CD C6 9A |
| MIDI file | .mid | 4D 54 68 64 [MThd] |
| MP3 file with ID3 identity tag | .mp3 | 49 44 33 [ID3] |
| AVI video file | .avi | 52 49 46 46 [RIFF] |
| Flash Shockwave | .swf | 46 57 53 [FWS] |
| Flash Video | .flv | 46 4C 56 [FLV] |
| Mpeg 4 video file | .mp4 | 00 00 00 18 66 74 79 70 6D 70 34 32 [....ftypmp42] |
| MOV video file | .mov | 6D 6F 6F 76 [....moov] |
| Windows Video file | .wmv | 30 26 B2 75 8E 66 CF |
| Windows Audio file | .wma | 30 26 B2 75 8E 66 CF |
| Class File | .class | CA FE BA BE |
| PKZip | .zip | 50 4B 03 04 [PK] |
| GZip | .gz | 1F 8B 08 |
| Tar file | .tar | 75 73 74 61 72 |
| RAR file | .rar | 52 61 72 21 1A 07 00 [Rar!...] |
| Microsoft Installer | .msi | D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 |
| Object Code File | .obj | 4C 01 |
| Dynamic Library | .dll | 4D 5A [MZ] |
| CAB Installer file | .cab | 4D 53 43 46 [MSCF] |
| Executable file | .exe | 4D 5A [MZ] |
| SYS file | .sys | 4D 5A [MZ] |
| Help file | .hlp | 3F 5F 03 00 [?_..] |
| VMWare Disk file | .vmdk | 4B 44 4D 56 [KDMV] |
| Outlook Post Office file | .pst | 21 42 44 4E 42 [!BDNB] |
| PDF Document | 25 50 44 46 [%PDF] | |
| Word Document | .doc | D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 |
| RTF Document | .rtf | 7B 5C 72 74 66 31 [{ tf1] |
| Excel Document | .xls | D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 |
| PowerPoint Document | .ppt | D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 |
| Visio Document | .vsd | D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 |
| DOCX (Office 2010) | .docx | 50 4B 03 04 [PK] |
| XLSX (Office 2010) | .xlsx | 50 4B 03 04 [PK] |
| PPTX (Office 2010) | .pptx | 50 4B 03 04 [PK] |
| Microsoft Database | .mdb | 53 74 61 6E 64 61 72 64 20 4A 65 74 |
| Postcript File | .ps | 25 21 [%!] |
| Outlook Message File | .msg | D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 |
| EPS File | .eps | 25 21 50 53 2D 41 64 6F 62 65 2D 33 2E 30 20 45 50 53 46 2D 33 20 30 |
| Jar File | .jar | 50 4B 03 04 14 00 08 00 08 00 |
| SLN File | .sln | 4D 69 63 72 6F 73 6F 66 74 20 56 69 73 75 61 6C 20 53 74 75 64 69 6F 20 53 6F 6C 75 74 69 6F 6E 20 46 69 6C 65 |
| Zlib File | .zlib | 78 9C |
| SDF File | .sdf | 78 9C |